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E. E. Cummings

A Life

ebook
1 of 1 copy available
1 of 1 copy available

From the author of American Bloomsbury, Louisa May Alcott, and Home Before Dark, a major reassessment of the life and work of the novelist, painter, and playwright considered to be one of America’s preeminent twentieth-century poets. At the time of his death in 1962, at age sixty-eight, he was, after Robert Frost, the most widely read poet in the United States.
 
E. E. Cummings was and remains controversial. He has been called “a master” (Malcolm Cowley); “hideous” (Edmund Wilson). James Dickey called him a “daringly original poet with more vitality and more sheer uncompromising talent than any other living American writer.”
 
In Susan Cheever’s rich, illuminating biography we see Cummings’s idyllic childhood years in Cambridge, Massachusetts; his Calvinist father—distinguished Harvard professor and sternly religious minister of the Cambridge Congregational Church; his mother—loving, attentive, a source of encouragement, the aristocrat of the family, from Unitarian writers, judges, and adventurers.
 
We see Cummings—slight, agile, playful, a product of a nineteenth-century New England childhood, bred to be flinty and determined; his love of nature; his sense of fun, laughter, mimicry; his desire from the get-go to stand conventional wisdom on its head, which he himself would often do, literally, to amuse.
 
At Harvard, he roomed with John Dos Passos; befriended Lincoln Kirstein; read Latin, Greek, and French; earned two degrees; discovered alcohol, fast cars, and burlesque at the Old Howard Theater; and raged against the school’s conservative, exclusionary upper-class rule by A. Lawrence Lowell.
 
In Cheever’s book we see that beneath Cummings’s blissful, golden childhood the strains of sadness and rage were already at play. He grew into a dark young man and set out on a lifelong course of rebellion against conventional authority and the critical establishment, devouring the poetry of Ezra Pound, whose radical verses pushed Cummings away from the politeness of the traditional nature poem toward a more adventurous, sexually conscious form.
 
We see that Cummings’s self-imposed exile from Cambridge—a town he’d come to hate for its intellectualism, Puritan uptightness, racism, and self-righteous xenophobia—seemed necessary for him as a man and a poet. Headstrong and cavalier, he volunteered as an ambulance driver in World War I, working alongside Hemingway, Joyce, and Ford Madox Ford . . . his ongoing stand against the imprisonment of his soul taking a literal turn when he was held in a makeshift prison for “undesirables and spies,” an experience that became the basis for his novel, The Enormous Room.
 
We follow Cummings as he permanently flees to Greenwich Village to be among other modernist poets of the day—Marianne Moore, Hart Crane, Dylan Thomas—and we see the development of both the poet and his work against the backdrop of modernism and through the influences of his contemporaries: Stein, Amy Lowell, Joyce, and Pound. Cheever’s fascinating book gives us the evolution of an artist whose writing was at the forefront of what was new and daring and bold in an America in transition.
(With 28 pages of black-and-white images.)

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    • Publisher's Weekly

      October 28, 2013
      “oo popular for the academy and often too sassy to be taught in high school,” Cummings today is frequently overlooked in the canon of great 20th-century American poets. Born in 1894, Cummings left blueblood New England for Greenwich Village, where his peers would include Hart Crane, Marianne Moore, Djuna Barnes, and others. Cummings’s innovations in poetic form and syntax made him a true original, and his kinship to Ezra Pound placed him in league with a variety of modernists. However, his career moved in fits and starts, ultimately succeeding late in life with the 1938 publication of his Collected Poems, and as a touring reader and lecturer in the ’50s and ’60s. Though Cummings’s poems enliven the narrative, Cheever (Home Before Dark) rarely provides any analysis to help unfamiliar readers. Instead, the book focuses on his romantic relationships and his eventual reunion with his estranged daughter. Cheever rends excellent dramatic scenes out of climactic personal moments, but elsewhere the narrative sags. The biography returns frequently to the poet’s crotchety conservatism and troubling antisemitism, acknowledging how he “was suffused by rage and delight at the same time,” but the explanations thereof are mostly boilerplate. Cheever draws upon biographies by Charles Norman and Richard Kennedy and to good effect, but her own stance, beyond giving a psychological reading, remains unclear. 28 pages of b&w images. Agent: Gail Hochman, Brandt & Hochman Literary Agency.

    • Kirkus

      November 15, 2013
      Biography of the irreverent modernist poet, who was apparently a sad, troubled man. Cheever (Louisa May Alcott: A Personal Biography, 2010, etc.) met E.E. Cummings (1894-1962) when she was a junior at the Masters School in Westchester, where he had come to give a reading. After his "electrifying and acrobatic" performance, the author and her father drove Cummings back to his home in Greenwich Village, regaled all the way by the poet's mockery of the school, teachers and stultifying pedagogy. John Cheever, who had known Cummings in the 1930s, was as enchanted as his daughter. "Cummings," she writes, "was our generation's beloved heretic, a Henry David Thoreau for the twentieth century." Drawing on letters, archival material and several more comprehensive biographies, Cheever distills the major events of Cummings' life along with reflections on the challenge of interpreting her subject's self-destructive behavior, anti-Semitism, sexuality and egotism. Throughout his life, Cummings berated himself for not being manly enough. Slight, delicate, almost feminine in physique, he felt "overwhelmed," Cheever writes, "by his father's great, masculine bulk." Edward Cummings, besides being large, was authoritarian, prudish and demanding, and his son rebelled messily and noisily. From the time he was a disgruntled undergraduate at Harvard until his death, the poet who exalted spring and flowers and balloons and clowns was an angry man, "an anger that became more of an irritation with the entire world when he drank and as he aged." He hated phonies, politicians and anyone in authority, and he loved children and nature: "The young were wiser and purer, more innocent and more beautiful than the self-appointed elders of the world. Nature with its indecipherable glories was where true enlightenment could be found." Cummings' literary innovations elicited both adulation and disdain. After a dip in his reputation in the 1940s and '50s, "the poet of chaos, playfulness, and topsy-turvy rule breaking" was celebrated again in the '60s. This sympathetic life may win Cummings a new generation of readers.

      COPYRIGHT(2013) Kirkus Reviews, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

    • Booklist

      Starred review from February 1, 2014
      Cheever, the author of discerning books about writers, alcoholism, and problematic sexuality, begins this dramatic portrait of modernist poet E. E. Cummings, of when the world is mud- / luscious fame, with her memories of Cummings performing one of his famed readings and of listening intently in the backseat as her father, fiction writer John Cheever, drove the poet, his good friend, back to Greenwich Village. This intimacy shapes her telling of the up-and-down story of this unlikely rebela handsome, flexible and slight, rigorously educated Harvard aristocrat who discovered a kind of poetic sweet spot of scintillating innovation and complex lyric power. Cheever analyzes Cummings' subterranean anger, anti-Semitism, excessive carousing, and flagrant antiauthoritarianism in France after enlisting during WWI, which landed him in a camp for undesirables. Cheever incisively dissects Cummings' two disastrous marriages and the shocking abduction of his adored only child, Nancy Thayer, who became an artist and poet unaware of who her father actually was. With Ezra Pound as friend and mentor, Cummings deftly created wild, expressive syntax and wielded his signature lower-case i as critical response ran hot and cold, and ardent fans left flowers on his doorstep. Cheever's reconsideration of Cummings and his work charms, rattles, and enlightens in emulation of Cummings' radically disarming, tender, sexy, plangent, and furious poems.(Reprinted with permission of Booklist, copyright 2014, American Library Association.)

    • Library Journal

      September 1, 2013

      Though Edmund Wilson called e.e. cummings's poetry hideous, Malcolm Cowley proclaimed it unsurpassed in his field, and when cummings died in 1962, he was the most read poet in this country after Robert Frost. Novelist/memoirist Cheever, who's also distinguished herself with literary studies of the transcendentalists, should bring cummings to life.

      Copyright 2013 Library Journal, LLC Used with permission.

    • Library Journal

      January 1, 2014

      After the publication of two other authors' massive biographies of poet Edward Estlin Cummings, well known as e.e. cummings (1894-1962), one can only wonder: What did Cheever (MFA, Bennington Coll. & The New School) hope to add to the cummings industry? The author begins with a personal anecdote. As a high school student, she had the opportunity to spend time at a White Castle burger restaurant with Cummings (and her father, author John Cheever). This personal connection to Cummings certainly affords her book a sense of immediacy that might be lacking in the more serious biographies produced by Richard S. Kennedy (Dreams in the Mirror) and Christopher Sawyer-Laucanno (E.E. Cummings: A Biography)--each well over 500 pages--but it isn't enough to give her book any importance. And neither is her telling of Cummings's life. She adds no particularly valuable new (or personal) insight into this poet, and her tone often comes across as defensive. VERDICT Though Cheever has produced some highly praised works in the past (American Bloomsbury; Louisa May Alcott: A Personal Biography; My Name Is Bill), this new biography is a failed attempt to explore the psychosexual intricacies of a literary life. With the easy availability of more thoroughly researched and readable volumes, there seems no reason to buy this new work. [See Prepub Alert, 8/5/13.]--Herman Sutter, St. Agnes Acad., Houston

      Copyright 2014 Library Journal, LLC Used with permission.

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