《荷马史诗》被称为"希腊的圣经"。公元前11世纪到公元前9世纪的希腊史称作"荷马时代",因《荷马史诗》而得名,《荷马史诗》是这一时期唯一的文字史料。《荷马史诗》包括《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》两部分。《伊利亚特》叙述希腊联军围攻小亚细亚的城市特洛伊的故事,以希腊联军统帅阿伽门农和勇将阿喀琉斯的争吵为中心,集中地描写了战争结束前几十天发生的事件。《奥德赛》叙述伊塔卡国王奥德修斯在攻陷特洛伊后归国途中十年漂泊的故事。由这两部史诗组成的《荷马史诗》,语言简练,情节生动,形象鲜明,结构严密,是古代世界一部著名的杰作。
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